Category Archives: iTunes

Some thoughts on Apple’s Beats 1 DJs

For the Beyond Devices podcast last week (embedded at the bottom of this post), we discussed Apple’s content-focused announcements from WWDC, including Apple Music. For our Question of the Week (a regular feature), we discussed one specific element of the Music service, and that was the three DJs Apple hired for Beats 1. We discussed that for probably 10-15 minutes (it starts around 20:25 in the episode), but I thought I’d quickly share some of the key points here.

Apple has hired three DJs for Beats 1 (so far):

  • Zane Lowe, who comes from BBC Radio 1, and is the figurehead of the service, and by Apple’s implication pulled in the other two
  • Ebro Darden, from New York’s Hot97, a mostly hip hop station, where he was until about a year ago the station director, and where he has been presenting the morning show
  • Julie Adenuga, from RinseFM in London, the least experienced and well known of the three.

I’ll talk about each in turn below, and then share some general thoughts about these DJs and their significance.

Zane Lowe – Global (LA)

Zane Lowe will be the voice of the global station, and this is the last of a series of transitions that’s seen him go from growing up in New Zealand to working in a record shop in London’s Notting Hill to hosting a show on XFM in London, to BBC’s national Radio 1 station, to arguably the first mainstream global radio station at Beats 1. Zane Lowe has a unique style as a DJ, though it was frustratingly difficult in my research to find examples of him broadcasting (ironically, because BBC iPlayer provides a great legitimate source of rebroadcasts, but yanks them after a month or so, and Lowe stopped broadcasting in March). He tends to talk over tracks, react vocally to things, and generally make lots of noise. Above all, he’s an enthusiast about music – not a critic for criticism’s sake, but someone who genuinely loves music and wants to share the best stuff with other people. That’s also made him something of a tastemaker, helping new acts break into the public consciousness – that’s important, and something I’ll come back to below.

Lowe is also a performer in his own right as a DJ, and has contributed producing and writing talent to other artists, which earned him a Grammy nomination for his work on Sam Smith’s breakthrough album. He’s brought some interesting segments to his Radio 1 show in the past, including doing deep dives on classic albums, playing the whole thing through and discussion it and related topics on his show – it’d be very interesting to see him do something similar on Beats 1, though I’m sure he’s got plenty of other ideas. He’s also done lots of interviews with high profile artists including Kanye West, Jay-Z, Chris Martin, and Eminem. Above all, Zane Lowe is a mainstream, top 40 music kind of guy, covering all the popular genres without going deep on any of them. Radio 1 is the BBC’s youth-oriented popular music station, and that’s very much his role at Beats 1 too.

Ebro Darden (New York)

Ebro Darden is another very experienced DJ, but one who’s much more narrowly focused on a specific genre, hip hop, rather than covering the breadth of stuff Zane Lowe covers. Hot97 is one of the major hip hop stations in the world, and as such he and his fellow DJs have become some of the arbiters of what’s good and even what counts as “real” hip hop (see this Radiolab episode for a fascinating discussion of one of Darden’s colleagues at Hot 97, a Jewish guy called Peter Rosenberg who’s nonetheless one of the major influencers in the hip hop world, somewhat controversially). So even though Apple positions Ebro Darden as covering the New York music scene, I suspect he’s actually going to be covering mostly that genre, a subset of the stuff Lowe will play.

Darden is also a more controversial figure, willing to mix it up with artists and others on Twitter and elsewhere, calling them out on their false claims to hip hop credibility and such, which makes him a more controversial figure than Zane Lowe, and one who’s willing to call out things he doesn’t see as kosher. Again, though, he’s a tastemaker as well as just spinning discs people already know and love.

Julie Adenuga (London)

Julie Adenuga is to my mind the most interesting and surprising of the three: she’s far less well known than the others, she’s a lot younger (mid 20s rather than early 40s), and has a lot less experience as a DJ. She’s a fascinating choice in that way. She’s also much more like Ebro Darden than Zane Lowe, in that she’s associated with a particular genre of music, broadly speaking a certain brand of London club music, but more specifically the Grime genre, which is a sort of evolution of the UK flavor of garage music (both styles combine electronica with rap-style vocals). She has two brothers who are prominent grime musicians in London too, so there’s some family credibility in that particular genre in addition to her own self-made success as an up-and-coming DJ on Rinse FM, a former pirate radio station that went legitimate around the same time she joined a few years back.

She’s got a fun personality both on the radio and in videos I came across during my research, and my favorite quote from my research was “Her drive time Rinse FM show became scientifically proven as the only thing that could make you smile on your way home on a London bus”. That should make her a fun DJ on Beats 1, too. Like Zane Lowe, she’s done lots of interviews with popular artists both on the show and elsewhere, and I wonder if she’ll bring some of that to Beats 1 too.

General thoughts

What really stood out to me with all three of these DJs is that they’re not just figureheads, but tastemakers, defining tastes and breaking new artists in a way no algorithm ever could. Though Spotify, SoundCloud, and the like have undoubtedly helped break some new artists, it’s largely the social element and the users that have made that happen, not the curation or recommendations from the services themselves. Beats 1’s DJs could therefore add an interesting new angle, not just helping you discover stuff you don’t know about that others do, but helping to bring new artists to the world for the first time as well.

Another big question in my mind is exactly how Beats 1 will be structured – with just three DJs, it can hardly be a 24/7 radio station, so how will Apple fill the remaining air time? How often will each of these DJs “broadcast” and to what extent will this be a live experience or a pre-recorded thing more like a podcast that you listen to when it’s convenient? And although there are three DJs already, it’s clear that there’s plenty of music out there that these three wouldn’t cover, notably jazz, classical, and even many other sub-genres of the mainstream stuff Zane Lowe covers, with just two genres covered by Darden and Adenuga for now. It’ll be interesting to watch this set of DJs evolve over time and to watch also how Apple will package all this up into a radio station.

It’s also fascinating to watch Apple building a radio station, when traditional radio stations (including Zane Lowe’s former employer Radio 1) are evolving their branding and position beyond the traditional radio model and towards YouTube, Snapchat and other media in addition to radio itself. Apple, of course, has many other music related offerings beyond Beats 1, including Apple Music and its new Connect service, but in some ways Apple is moving against the stream (no pun intended) at the moment. It’s worth noting that even Spotify is moving into video.

At any rate, if you want to listen to us discussing all this on the podcast from last week, you can do so using the embed below, or go straight to the website to see this and other episodes as well as links to iTunes, Overcast, and so on for adding the podcast to your podcast app of choice.

Expanding Apple services on non-Apple devices

A few months back, I wrote this piece which talked among other things about why Apple doesn’t make most of its services available on third-party devices. The basic argument can be summed up in this quote from that piece:

When the whole rationale for Apple’s software is to add value to its hardware products, the idea of providing cross-platform software or services becomes inimical. To the extent that Apple software or services are available on non-Apple devices, they cease to provide meaningful differentiation for Apple products.

However, Apple has continued to make some services available on third party devices, and I see potential for more of this in future. I definitely don’t see Apple abandoning the strategy I outlined in that post, but I do see potential for them to broaden the range of what they provide on non-Apple devices, so in this piece I’m going to argue the other side of that earlier piece.

The iPhone and Mac installed bases

The key to all this is to understand the difference between the iPhone and Mac installed bases. The iPhone is now in every way Apple’s lead product – it accounts for half to two thirds of total revenue in any given quarter and the lion’s share of profits. And it’s also the Apple product with by far the largest installed base. Let’s look at the numbers quickly:

  • iPhone: around 450 million users
  • iPad: around 200 million users
  • Mac: around 80 million users.

We’ve leave the iPad to one side and focus on the iPhone and Mac. What this leaves us with is a world where there’s only very partial overlap between iPhone users and Mac users, with the vast majority of iPhone users likely owning or using Windows PCs rather than Macs, if they use a PC at all:

Mac iPhone and Windows basesApple has done a great deal over the past couple of years to better serve Mac + iPhone users (including those who also have iPads), including various iCloud features, and the Handoff and Continuity concepts and their associated feature sets announced at last year’s WWDC. All this makes owning more than one Apple device better than owning just one, because the devices you have work better together. The Apple Watch extends this even further, and deepens the attractiveness of an all-Apple ecosystem.

300 million Windows + iPhone users

However, there are still several hundred million iPhone users who don’t own or use Macs on a daily basis, many of whom do use Windows PCs, either by choice or because work, cost constraints, or other reasons require them to. This Windows + iPhone group is actually substantially bigger than the Mac + iPhone group Apple has spent so much time serving, probably around three hundred million or more:
Windows plus iPhone diagramIn an ideal world, Apple would have these Windows + iPhone users become Mac + iPhone users over time, but that isn’t a realistic scenario for a variety of reasons, especially in the short term. So, how does Apple serve these users?

iTunes on Windows and beyond

Well, the answer began with the launch of iTunes on Windows in 2003, two years after the original launch on the Mac, in an attempt to create a market for the iPod larger than the base of Mac users. With the launch of the iPhone, Apple piggybacked off this iTunes installed base as a way to make that product, too, Windows compatible. Since that time, Apple has introduced a few other pieces of installable software for Windows PCs, but much of its effort in supporting Windows users recently has been in the form of web apps rather than native software:Apple software on WindowsiCloud Drive is the only new product Apple has introduced for Windows recently, and it builds on earlier versions of the iCloud product for Windows, which enables some of the extensions and add-ons shown in the middle column in the table above too. But Apple has now made a fairly wide range of products and services available on the web, at iCloud.com, as shown in that third column. These serve the Windows+iPhone reasonably well for some use cases, though I can’t imagine as a Windows user wanting to use the web versions of the iWork suite as my main productivity apps.

What’s missing?

At this point, it’s worth asking what else Apple needs to do to make its products available on third party devices, and whether it’s likely to do so. Here’s a short list of potential next steps:

  • A web version of Maps
  • iTunes on Android devices
  • The Apple music subscription service on Android
  • Messages on Windows and/or Android
  • The iLife apps on Windows and/or Android
  • iBooks on Windows and Android.

There may be one or two other gaps, but I think that about covers it. Which of these seem most likely at this point? The diagram below shows my estimate of the likelihood of each of these things happening:3rd party apps next stepsIf Apple hadn’t acquired Beats in order to build a subscription music service, I would have put the likelihood of Apple’s music service landing on Android much lower than I have, but since Tim Cook has already signaled that Beats will remain on Android, it seems a fairly sure bet that the successor will be there too. I don’t quite understand the strategic rationale here – almost anything on Android seems to fly in the face of Steve Jobs’ quote in the Walter Isaacson book:

We put iTunes on Windows in order to sell more iPods. But I don’t see an advantage of putting our music app on Android, except to make Android users happy. And I don’t want to make Android users happy.

The only real explanation I can see (beyond maintaining the status quo ante with Beats) is that Apple is competing head-on here against existing subscription music services, all of which are available cross-platform, so this is a concession to reality. But it still feels odd.

Maps on the web seem very likely to me – Google’s web maps were a fantastic hook for Android when it arrived, because it allowed people to make a seamless transition from the product they used on the web for planning, figuring out a route and so on to the one they used on their smartphone for actually navigating from A to B. The fact that Apple doesn’t have a Maps option for anyone using a Windows PC means that those users are far more likely to use other mapping services both on the web and on their phones, or to have disconnected experiences on those two devices. Apple has posted job listings several times (including one that was noticed today) indicating that it might be looking to bring its Maps app to the web, and this seems eminently believable. I’m only putting this slightly lower than the subscription service on Android because that seems largely a foregone conclusion, whereas Apple seems to have been toying with the idea of a web maps app for some time without pulling the trigger.

Essentially everything else I listed seems significantly less likely to happen, although if the music subscription service lands on Android it might make sense to make the full iTunes experience available on Android too. iBooks makes little sense as a cross-platform product – people don’t read many books on their PCs in comparison to tablets and smartphones, while porting iLife would be a huge effort and significantly undercut one of the differentiators of the Mac. Messages was actually the specific focus of the earlier post I referred to at the outset of this one, and I outlined there the reasons I can’t see that happening. It feels like the archetypical example of Apple’s own-devices-only strategy, and it’s also uniquely mobile-first among all these products.

We’ll know more next week

I’m writing this the week before WWDC, where I expect that at the very least we’ll see the music subscription service launch and know whether it will indeed land on Android in either its full or a watered down form. But we’ll likely also get more clues about how Apple sees the opportunity beyond its own devices, and whether the current set of products and services for the Windows + iPhone crowd represents the outer limits of how far Apple is willing to go to keep them happy.